Forming machine for heated materials, particularly metals

ABSTRACT

A forming machine having at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and ram. The piston means includes a first piston surface area that is substantially different than a second piston surface area. The smaller piston surface area is fixedly attached to the ram to effect hammering of the deformable material. The first and second piston surface areas are moved with the same hydraulic driving medium. The first and second piston surface areas are movable and controllable independently of each other.

United States Patent [191 Ran et al.

14 1 Feb. 27, 1973 .4] FORMING MACHINE FOR HEATED MATERIALS,PARTICULARLY METALS [75] Inventors: Gottfried Rau, Leverkusen; Al-

bert Eck, Wipperfurth, both of Germany [73] Assignee: EumucoAktiengesellschaft fur Maschinenbau, Leverkusen, Germany [22] Filed:Aug. 17, I970 [21] Appl. No.: 64,177

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Aug. 16, 1969 Germany P 19 41806.5

[52] US. Cl ..72/407, 72/453 51 Int. Cl. ..B21j 11/00 [58] Field ofSearch ..72/453, 407, 445, 429; 100/269, 264

g [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,044,617 11/1912 Wray..72/453 1,275,688 8/1918 Holmes ..72/453 2,784,619 3/1957 Brauer 3,429, l 74 2/1969 Fracke 3,194,049 7/1965 Riemenschneider ..72/453FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 646,951 6/1937 Germany ..72/453 876,7965/1953 Germany ..72/453 Primary ExaminerCharles W. Lanham AssistantExaminerGene P. Crosby Att0rney-Lowry, Rinehart, Markva & Smith [57]ABSTRACT A forming machine having at least two piston means forproviding a deforming force between the anvil block and ram. The pistonmeans includes a first piston surface area that is substantiallydifferent than a second piston surface area. The smaller piston surfacearea is fixedly attached to the ram to effect hammering of thedeformable material. The first and second piston surface areas are movedwith the same hydraulic driving medium. The first and second pistonsurface areas are movable and controllable independently of each other.

18 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PArEm mzaznm SHEET 2 OF 6 FIG. 2

IN VEN TORS G0 TTFf/ED mu BY AL BERT EBA MM M flF/MA/Em PATENTED FEBZ71373 SHEETQUF 6 I a M mmxym c M 5 z VET M mwk r FM A at PATENTEU FEB 27 I973 SHEET 5 OF 6 IN VEN roRs Gar/rm? my 1 BY 14 856 EGK JWIVWJIM w M[mm/Em FORMING MACHINE FOR HEATED MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY METALSBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the forming of metals to obtain dieforging workpieces, the material is forced into the desired shape. Thiscan be achieved by hammering and/or pressing the deformable material.Often both methods are used in succession to one another. For example, aheated billet may be first pre-upset under a press and subsequentlyfinished forged under a hammer. In upsetting, the forming forces aresmall but the forming travels are long. That is, the upsetting processmay be sufficient where a machine applies relatively little force buthas a large working capacity.

Forming machines for processing deformable material such as heatedmetals are well known in the prior art. Such forming machines include amachine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of toppressure with the action of a pressure medium. In the known formingmachines, there is a separate piston and cylinder used for hammering andanother piston and cylinder used for pressing the deformable material.The hammering cylinder is supplied with a pressure medium such as steamor compressed air. The pressing cylinder is supplied and subjected tothe action of the pressure medium of water under pressure. The hammeringcylinder operates a ram and the pressing cylinder operates a presspiston. After the deformable material has been upset through theoperation of the ram and subsequent operation of the press piston, eachof the elements is returned to its initial starting position. The returnof the ram and press piston is effected by using a pressure medium suchas air or steam. An entrainment element which is located on the rod ofthe hammer piston is used to effect the return of the ram and the presspiston.

The cylinders for the hammer piston and the press piston are arrangedabove one another. Since different pressure mediums are used to controlmovement of the hammer piston within the hammer cylinder and thepressing piston within the pressing cylinder, additional substantiallydifferent control systems are required for use of the various differentdriving pressure mediums. The arrangement of the hammer and pressingcylinders and the need for different control systems makes the prior artforming machine extremely complicated structurally. In addition, theprocess accomplished by the forming machine including the hammering andpressing action is also complicated and liable to develop trouble.

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The primary object of this invention is toprovide a combination for use in a forming machine which requires asimplified construction and fully utilizes the properties of a hammeringram and a press.

Another object of this invention is to provide a forming machine whereinthe piston surface areas are moved under the action of the samehydraulic driving medium provided therein.

It is a further object of this invention to provide conduits in themachine head of a forming machine which carry hydraulic pressure mediumfor effecting both hammering and pressing operations in the processingof deformable material such as heated metals.

It is a still further object of this invention to provide a combinationof structural elements used to effect hammering and pressing in aforming machine and includes piston means having a first piston surfacearea that is substantially different than a second piston surface area.The smaller piston surface area is connected to the hammering ram andmoves independently with respect to the second piston surface area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The structural combination of this invention islocated in the forming machine which has a machine head, an anvil blockand a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of ahydraulic pressure medium. At least two piston means are used to providea deforming force between the anvil block and the ram. The piston meansincludes a first piston area that is substantially different in sizethan a second piston area. The cylinders for the pistons providing boththe first and second piston surface areas are arranged in the machinehead approximately at the same height in one embodiment. The cylinderfor the piston having the larger surface area directly surrounds thecylinder in which the smaller piston operates. That is, the large andsmall pistons are movably located in piston cylinders which are disposedannularly with respect to each other. In this specific embodiment ofthis invention, the piston having the larger piston sur face area ismade to act directly on the ram of the forming machine.

In another embodiment, the anvil block of the forming machine is adaptedto move in the axial direction thereof and is acted upon by the samehydraulic pressure medium used to operate the different sized pistonswithin the annularly disposed cylinders. The anvil block may besuspended on rods which are attached to braking pistons. The brakingpistons are disposed in cylinders and brake the working movement of theanvil block by hydraulic pressure production. The damping cylinders andpistons are subsequently used to lift the anvil block through the actionof the hydraulic pressure medium.

Another feature of this invention requires the damping cylinders for theanvil block to perform work in addition to performing a damping effect.In this embodiment, the cylinders are so dimensioned that the force ofthe pistons moving therein is sufficient not only for braking afterimpact by the ram and for lifting the anvil block, but also for carryingout additional forming work between the anvil block and the ram. Thisspecific embodiment includes a plurality of smaller pistons which aremechanically or hydraulically connected to the anvil block so as toproduce movement of the anvil block along the axial direction of theforming machine. The plurality of piston members forms a relativelylarge piston surface-area that is sufficiently large to effect thefunction of pressing the deformable material between the ram and theanvil block. The dimensioning of the pistons is obviously a function ofthe size of forming machine and the size of the forgings involved. Afurther parameter constitutes the type of material being deformed. Otherprocess parameters obviously must also be considered in developing thestructural combination of this invention. Once the function of thevarious structural elements is known, the skilled artisan is capable ofmanufacturing the various structural elements with appropriate physicaldimensions to accomplish the desired results as described in thisdisclosure.

In the embodiment where the damping cylinders perform work as well asproviding a damping effect, the ram of the forming machine performs onlya hammering action. The pressing action may be carried out with theanvil block through control of the hydraulic medium in the cylinders ofthe relatively larger piston surface areas. In this embodiment, theanvil block is lifted from an initial position after the hammeringoperation. As the anvil block is lifted from its initial position, itperforms a pressing operation until the forging or the like is finishedformed between the anvil block and the ram.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Other objects of this invention willappear in the following description and appended claims, reference beingmade to the accompanying drawings forming a part of the specificationwherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in theseveral views.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a firstembodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention,

FIG, 2 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a second embodimentof a forming machine made in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 3 is an elevational view shown partially in section of a' thirdembodiment made in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of afourth embodiment made in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a fifthembodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention,and

PEG. 6 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a sixthembodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. 1, the formingmachine, generally designated 1, is provided with an arrangement in themanner of a top pressure hammer. A ram 2 is mounted to move verticallyalong the guides 3 of the machine frame 4. The upper die 5 is supportedby the ram 2. In this embodiment, the anvil or anvil block 6 is a fixedpart of the machine frame 4 and supports the lower die 7. The piston 8is rigidly connected to the ram 2 by the relatively thin or slenderpiston rod 9. The piston 8 is slidingly movable in a cylinder formed inthe substantially thicker piston rod 13. The upper portion of the pistonrod 13 is in contact with another cylinder and forms the piston 12. Thepiston 12 and the piston rod 13 are arranged concentrically with respectto the piston 8 and piston rod 9. That is, the pistons 12 and 8 aremovably disposed in respective piston cylinders which are disposedannularly with respect to each other. The sleeve 11 separates thechambers and 21 in the machine head piece 4a.

A hydraulic pressure medium is used to drive the various parts in theforming machine 1. A motor 14 drives a pump 16 by means of an interposedtransmission 15. A conduit 17 extends from the pump 16 to a controldevice 18. A conduit 19 leads from the control device 18 to the chamber10 which is associated with the relatively slender piston 8. A conduit20 extends from the control device 18 to the upper cylinder chamber 21associated with the relatively powerful piston 12. The lower cylinderchambers 22 and 23 are connected to a pressure accumulator chamber whichis located in the machine frame but not shown. It accomplishes the samefunction as the pressure accumulator chamber 23a in subsequentembodiments described hereinbelow. The oil level of the oil sump isindicated by the line 24. The lower cylinder chambers 22 and 23 areinterconnected by a bore 39.

In operation, hydraulic pressure medium is pumped into the chambers 10and 21 to drive the ram 2 downwardly. The hydraulic top pressureeffected in chamber 10 drives the relatively small piston 8 which isassociated with the thin piston rod 9 to effect the hammering of aforging located between the upper and lower die parts 5 and 6. Therelatively powerful piston 12 is held in place in its upper positionwhile the relatively smaller piston 8 and rod 9 move the ram 2downwardly. The piston 12 may be held in place either mechanically orhydraulically in any desired manner. Once the hammering step iscompleted, the larger piston 12 associated with the thicker piston rod13 is moved downwardly and the ram 2 is acted on by a substantially morepowerful force than was available in the hammering operation. The pistonrod 13 presses on a bearing surface 25 of the ram 2 and as the piston 12is forced downwardly by the hydraulic medium, the pressing operation iseffected. The pistons 8 and 12 are therefore moved independently of oneanother. It is advantageous during the pressing operation that the twopistons 8 and 12 move downwardly at the same time. In this instance, theforce of both the pistons is applied to the ram 2 to accomplish thedesired results.

A constant hydraulic pressure is maintained in the pressure accumulatorchamber which is not shown. This constant pressure is maintained in thelower cylinder chambers 22 and 23 by virtue of their connection with thepressure accumulator chamber. The return of the two pistons 8 and 12 iseffected by appropriate change over of the control device 18. Theconstant pressure applied by the hydraulic pressure medium in the lowercylinder chambers 22 and. 23 drive the pistons 8 and 12 upwardly.

Both the hammering and pressing operations are accomplished through theaction of the same hydraulic pressure medium which may be any suitablefluid such as oil. The pistons 8 and 12 clearly provide two piston meanshaving a first piston surface area that is substantially different thana second piston area. The first and second piston surface areas areindependently movable and controllable with respect to each other.

The forming machine as shown in FIG. 2 includes an anvil block 26 thatis vertically displaceable along the guides 27 located on the machineframe 4. The anvil block 26 is hung on rods 28 which at their upper endshave pistons 29 sliding in piston cylinders 30. Conduits 31 extendingfrom the control device 18 to the piston cylinders 30 carry hydraulicpressure medium for controlling the movement of pistons 29 therein so asto raise the piston 29 and the anvil block 26 connected thereto.Conduits 32 include a non-return valve 38 and interconnect the cylinderchambers 30 with the lower cylinder chamber 22 of the relativelypowerful piston 12. The interconnection between the chambers 22 and 30partially compensates for the pressure loss which occurs in the pressuremedium between the pump 16 and the upper cylinder chamber 21 when therelatively powerful piston 12 'descends or moves downwardly.

The so-called anvil block loss is partly converted into hydraulic energyand recovered. If the anvil block 26 will be located rigidly with aframe, the energy given to the anvil block 26 by the stroke of the ram 2will be lost or changed to heat. This is the anvil block loss. However,if the anvil block 26 is suspended in the hydraulic drive by means ofrods 28 a part of the energy by the stroke of the ram 2 will beregained. The pressure in the cylinders 30 will be larger. This oilpressure will be brought to cylinder chamber 22 by the conduits 32through the non-return valve 38. By this way the ram will glide upwardsso that part of the stroke of the ram 2 has been made useful. The anvilblock 26 will brake by the fact that, after the stroke of the ram 2, thepressure of the oil in the cylinders 30 will become larger. This resultsin a braking effect for the anvil block 26 which tries to go downwards.

After the impact, the pistons 29 are not acted upon by a controloperation. That is, after the impact, the hydraulic pressure rises atthe braking of the anvil block 26 until the non-return valve 38 opensand oil flows out from the chamber 30 into the pressure container 22.Only the return movement of the anvil block 26 is controlled. Widenedheads 33 located at the lower end of the rods 28 engage in appropriaterecesses 34 located in the anvil block 26. The movably mounted anvilblock 26 rests on the widened heads 33.

The forming machine as shown in FIG. 3 corresponds substantially to theembodiment as shown in FIG. 2. However, the plurality of pistons 29a isused to control the return of the anvil block 26. The pistons 29a aredisposed below and directly engage the anvil block 26 to effect axialmovement thereof. The damping cylinders 30a receive the pistons 29awhich are moved by the action of the hydraulic pressure medium suppliedthereto by conduits 31a which extend from the control device 18. Therods 28 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are eliminated in thisembodiment of the invention. The damping cylinders 30a are convenientlysituated in a separate insert element 35 within the machine frame 4. Theoperation of the forming machine in this figure is the same as in theforming machine shown in FIG. 2. The sleeve 11 in this particularembodiment provides a guide for the hammering piston 8 and separates thecylinder chamber from the cylinder chamber 22. The chamber 10 receivescontrolled top pressure and the chamber 22 has a constant bottompressure.

In the embodiments as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the ram 2 performs onlya hammering action. In these embodiments, the anvil block 26 is used forperforming the work in the pressing operation. The substantially largerpiston surface area is composed of several pistons 36, 36a, 36b in FIGS.4, 5 and 6, respectively. The relatively larger piston surface area isconnected to the anvil block 26 in each instance. The several pistonsdefine a relatively large piston surface area which is so dimensionedthat the several pistons alone carry out the function of the pressingoperation.

In the specific embodiment as shown in FIG. 4, the anvil block 26 issuspended on rods 28 having pistons 36 located at the top end thereof.The pistons 36 are movably mounted within the cylinders 30 and aredriven by the hydraulic pressure medium of the forming machine. Thepistons 36 constitute the relatively powerful piston surface area whichcarries out the pressing operation. The combination of the smallerpiston 8 and rod 9 which are connected directly to the ram 2 is used toeffect the hammering operation. The pistons 36 can be made as large asmay be required for pressing any type of deformable material. The anvilblock 26 is drawn upwardly with full effect by the two large pistons 36to accomplish the pressing operation. This arrangement with the largepistons 36 also allows the anvil block 26 to be used for upsetting andimpact extrusion work with the application of considerable forces.Buffer elements 37 constitute abutment means for the ram 2 for receivingthe pressure forces which act on the ram 2 from the anvil block 26.

In the forming machine as shown in FIG. 5, the anvil block 26 issuspended in the hydraulic drive mechanism from rods 28. Relativelylarge pistons 36a are located at the upper ends of the rod 28 and areslidably disposed in the cylinders 30a. Cylinder chambers 30b arelocated below the pistons 36a. Conduits 31 carry hydraulic pressuremedium from the control device 18 to the lower cylinder chambers 3012.Conduits 39 interconnect the lower cylinder chambers 30b with theconstant pressure maintained in the accumulator chamber 23a through theagency of an appropriately arranged non-return valve 38. Conduits 40further connect the lower cylinder chambers 30b with the oil sump havingan oil level 24 and is not under pressure. A non-return valve 41 isappropriately arranged in the conduit 40. A smaller piston 43 having asubstantially smaller surface area than the piston 36a is slidablydisposed within each of the cylinders 42. The smaller pistons 43 areconveniently arranged in a ring formation around the rods 28. A conduit44 directly connects each cylinder chamber 42 with the constant pressureof the accumulator chamber 23a. The conduits 45 directly connect thecylinder chambers 42 with the control device T8.

In performing the hammering operation, the ram 2 is driven by ahydraulic top pressure obtained through the action of the smaller piston8 and piston rod 9. The relatively larger pistons 36a are in a lowerworking position during the hammering operation. The anvil block energyis made capable of being used for the next impact. The piston 43 whichis arranged to be displaceable within a limited distance, lifts theanvil block 26 and the piston 364 into an initial working position afterone impact from the ram 2.

To effect the pressing operation, the lower faces of the pistons 36a areacted upon with hydraulic pressure medium by way of the conduits 31which extend from the control device 18. During the pressing operation,the anvil block 26 is lifted from its initial working position to carryout a pressing operation until the work piece forging is finish shapedbetween the anvil block 26 and the ram 2. The ram 2 is held against theabutment 37a by the constant pressure of the accumulator chamber 23a.The abutments 37a are located on the machine frame 4a.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is directed to a forming machine whereinthe anvil block 26 alone performs the pressing operation. The anvilblock 26 lies directly on the pistons 36b which are arranged therebelow.The pistons 36b slide in cylinders 30b which are located in the insertelements 35 of the machine frame 4. That is, the pistons 36b are locateddirectly below and engage the anvil block 26. The pistons 43a aredisplaceable within a limited amount of travel in the cylinder chamber42. These pistons 43a lift the anvil block 26 and the pistons 36b intoan initial working position after one blow of the ram 2. The conduits31, 39a, and 45 which are associated with the non-return valves 38 and41, are located and perform analogously to the structural combination ofthe forming machine as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5. During thepressing operation, the hydraulic pressure medium is directed from thecontrol device 18 into the cylinder chamber 300 by way of the conduit31. The piston 36b moves upwardly so that a work piece located betweenthe dies and 7 is subjected to considerable force during the pressingoperation for upsetting orimpact extrusion purposes.

As a part of the forming machine, hydraulic expulsion means may belocated under the anvil block 26. The hydraulic expulsion means willstand on the foundation for the forming machine and be used forexpelling the impact extruded parts from the lower guide 7. The ratiofor the amount of force accepted by the piston rods 9 and 13 and therods 28 is considerable. This force acceptance can amount to, forexample, 1:50 to 1:100 and above. Thus the piston rod 9 can be designedfor about 5 tons and the rods 28 in the forming machine according to theFIGS. 4 and 5 respectively for about 250 tons.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION A substantial simplification of the entireforming machine is obtained. In addition, the best possible use of theeffects of a hammer as well as a press is entirely feasible. The use ofa single driving hydraulic pressure medium gives the machine a compactconstruction in relation to the overall height. The compactness of theforming machine as made in accordance with this invention gives themachine improved stability. This higher stability has the result ofincreasing the power which makes possible giving improved quality ofwork.

While the forming machine for processing deforma ble material such asheated metals has been shown and described in detail, it is obvious thatthis invention is not to be considered as being limited to the exactform disclosed, and that changes in detail and construction may be madetherein within the scope of the invention, without departing from thespirit thereof.

Having thus set forth and disclosed the nature of this invention, whatis claimed is:

1. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such asheated metals and having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram whichis driven by means of top pressure with the action of hydraulic pressuremedium, the combination comprising:

a. at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between theanvil block and the ram,

b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface area that issubstantially different in size than a second piston surface area, thesmaller surface area being attached to the ram, and

c. means for moving the first and second piston surface areas with thesame hydraulic driving medi urn,

d. said first and second piston surface areas being independentlymovable and controllable with respect to each other.

2. In a combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston means arelocated at substantially the same height in the machine head.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein a first single pistonmember constitutes the first piston surface area and a second singlepiston member constitutes the second piston surface area,

said first piston being substantially smaller than the second pistonmember and being connected to the ram with a piston rod.

4. The combination as defined in claim 3 wherein the relatively largesecond piston member acts on the ram and the first and second pistonmembers are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders whichare disposed annularly with respect to each other,

said second cylinder surrounding said first cylinder.

5. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein means is provided tomount the anvil block for movement in the axial direction of the formingmachine,

said anvil block mounting means being adapted to be acted upon by thehydraulic pressure medium of the forming machine.

6. The combination as defined in claim 5 wherein said anvil blockmounting means includes rods and pistons attached to said rods, and

the forming machine includes means causing said anvil block pistons tobrake the downward movement of the anvil block by hydraulic pressuregeneration and means causing said anvil block pistons to lift upwardlyby action of a hydraulic pressure medium.

7. The combination as defined in claim I wherein the anvil block ismounted to move in the axial direction and at least one piston isdisposed below and directly engages the anvil block to effect axialmovement thereof.

8. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block ismounted to move in the axial direction and said first piston surface isrelatively smaller than the second piston surface area and is formed bya single piston member that is connected to the ram,

said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material,

the relatively larger second piston surface area is formed by aplurality of piston members connected to the anvil block by rods,

said second piston surface area is sufficiently large to effect thefunction of pressing the deformable material.

9. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block ismounted to move in the axial direction and said first piston surfacearea is relatively smaller than the second piston surface area and isformed by a single piston member that is connected to the ram,

said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material,

the relatively larger second piston area is formed by a plurality ofpiston members disposed below and directly engaging the anvil block toeffect axial movement thereof,

said second piston surface area is sufficiently large to effect thefunction of pressing the deformable material.

10. The combination as defined in claim 8 wherein the forming machineincludes limited displacement pistons associated with said plurality ofanvil block pistons and an accumulator pressure chamber holds hydraulicpressure medium and is adapted to use the hydraulic pressure medium todrive the limited displacement pistons.

l 1. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston areamoving means includes control means mounted in the machine head to movethe first and second piston surface areas independently with respect toeach other.

12. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such asheated metals, having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which isdriven by means of top pressure with the action of a hydraulic pressuremedium, the combination comprising:

a. at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between theanvil block and the ram,

b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface area that issubstantially different in size than a second piston surface area, thesmaller surface area being attached to the ram, I c. means for movingthe first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulicdriving medium, I

d. said moving means includes control means whereby said first andsecond piston surface areas may be moved independently by the drivemedium, and

e. means for independently returning said first and second pistonsurface areas to a starting position after being driven by said toppressure.

13. In a combination as defined in claim 12 wherein said piston meansare located at substantially the same height in the machine head.

14. The combination as defined in claim 12 wherein a first single pistonnumber constitutes the first piston surface area and a second singlepiston member constitutes the second piston surface area.

15. The combination as defined in claim 14 wherein the relatively largesecond piston member acts on the ram and the first and second pistonmembers are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders whichare disposed annularly with respect to each other,

said second cylinder surrounding said first cylinder.

16. The combination as defined in claim l2'wherein said control means ismounted within the machine head to move the first and second pistonareas with respect to each other.

17. The combination as defined in claim 1 further including means formoving said first and second piston surface areas simultaneously wherebythe deforming force generated by said first and second piston surfaceareas is combined.

18. The combination as defined in claim 12 further including

1. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such asheated metals and having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram whichis driven by means of top pressure with the action of hydraulic pressuremedium, the combination comprising: a. at least two piston means forproviding a deforming force between the anvil block and the ram, b. saidpiston means having a first smaller piston surface area that issubstantially different in size than a second piston surface area, thesmaller surface area being attached to the ram, and c. means for movingthe first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulicdriving medium, d. said first and second piston surface areas beingindependently movable and controllable with respect to each other.
 2. Ina combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston means arelocated at substantially the same height in the machine head.
 3. Thecombination as defined in claim 1 wherein a first single piston memberconstitutes the first piston surface area and a second single pistonmember constitutes the second piston surface area, said first pistonbeing substantially smaller than the second piston member and beingconnected to the ram with a piston rod.
 4. The combination as defined inclaim 3 wherein the relatively large second piston member acts on theram and the first and second piston members are movably disposed infirst and second piston cylinders which are disposed annularly withrespect to each other, said second cylinder surrounding said firstcylinder.
 5. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein means isprovided to mount the anvil block for movement in the axial direction ofthe forming machine, said anvil block mounting means being adapted to beacted upon by the hydraulic pressure medium of the forming machine. 6.The combination as defined in claim 5 wherein said anvil block mountingmeans includes rods and pistons attached to said rods, and the formingmachine includes means causing said anvil block pistons to brake thedownward movement of the anvil block by hydraulic pressure generationand means causing said anvil block pistons to lift upwardly by action ofa hydraulic pressure medium.
 7. The combination as defined in claim 1wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and atleast one piston is disposed below and directly engages the anvil blockto effect axial movement thereof.
 8. The combination as defined in claim1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction andsaid first piston surface is relatively smaller than the second pistonsurface area and is formed by a single piston member that is connectedto the ram, said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material,the relatively larger second piston surface area is formed by aplurality of piston members connected to the anvil block by rods, saidsecond piston surface area is sufficiently large to effect the functionof pressing the deformable material.
 9. The combination as defined inclaim 1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axialdirection and said first piston surface area is relatively smaller thanthe second piston surface area and is formed by a single piston memberthat is connected to the ram, said ram being effective to hammer thedeformable material, the relatively larger second piston area is formedby a plurality of piston members disposed below and directly engagingthe anvil block to effect axial movement thereof, said second pistonsurface area is sufficiently large to effect the function of pressingthe deformable material.
 10. The cOmbination as defined in claim 8wherein the forming machine includes limited displacement pistonsassociated with said plurality of anvil block pistons and an accumulatorpressure chamber holds hydraulic pressure medium and is adapted to usethe hydraulic pressure medium to drive the limited displacement pistons.11. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston areamoving means includes control means mounted in the machine head to movethe first and second piston surface areas independently with respect toeach other.
 12. In a forming machine for processing deformable materialsuch as heated metals, having a machine head, an anvil block and a ramwhich is driven by means of top pressure with the action of a hydraulicpressure medium, the combination comprising: a. at least two pistonmeans for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and theram, b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface areathat is substantially different in size than a second piston surfacearea, the smaller surface area being attached to the ram, c. means formoving the first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulicdriving medium, d. said moving means includes control means whereby saidfirst and second piston surface areas may be moved independently by thedrive medium, and e. means for independently returning said first andsecond piston surface areas to a starting position after being driven bysaid top pressure.
 13. In a combination as defined in claim 12 whereinsaid piston means are located at substantially the same height in themachine head.
 14. The combination as defined in claim 12 wherein a firstsingle piston number constitutes the first piston surface area and asecond single piston member constitutes the second piston surface area.15. The combination as defined in claim 14 wherein the relatively largesecond piston member acts on the ram and the first and second pistonmembers are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders whichare disposed annularly with respect to each other, said second cylindersurrounding said first cylinder.
 16. The combination as defined in claim12 wherein said control means is mounted within the machine head to movethe first and second piston areas with respect to each other.
 17. Thecombination as defined in claim 1 further including means for movingsaid first and second piston surface areas simultaneously whereby thedeforming force generated by said first and second piston surface areasis combined.
 18. The combination as defined in claim 12 furtherincluding means for moving said first and second piston surface areassimultaneously whereby the deforming force generated by said first andsecond piston surface areas is combined.